Beyond Grey Pinstripes

     

GWU School of Business

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GWU School of Business 2201 G St. NW
Funger Hall 615
Washington, DC, 20052
United States
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Demographic Information

Number of full-time MBA students (2011): 

113

Number of part-time MBA students (2011): 

115

Total duration of full-time MBA program: 

21 months

MBA faculty (Fall 2010): 

201

Females as percent of student body: 

43%
Who Are the Students? See what percentage of the 2010-2011 graduating class came to this MBA program from the private sector, the non-profit sector and government jobs
 
Private Sector (60%)
 
Non-profit (10%)
 
Government (30%)


Description of MBA Program: 

The George Washington University (GW) provides an ideal setting for business students to study a wide range of topics, including the increasingly important social, ethical, and environmental issues in business.  Primarily located in the heart of the capital of the United States of America, GW and its School of Business (GWSB) attempt both to leverage the opportunities of being in Washington, D.C. and to make a significant contribution to its vitality and sustainability.  


The region, in addition to hosting all three branches of the U.S. federal government and the District of Columbia, also is home to many thousands of nonprofit organizations, including hundreds of trade and professional organizations, as well as businesses in a wide range of sizes and industries, many of which supply expert guest speakers and project and class on-site visits for numerous GWSB courses.  In addition, the D.C. metropolitan area is also home to dozens of international organizations, such as the World Bank (including the International Finance Corporation, or IFC), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Inter-American Development Bank (IADB), among many others.  Our students benefit from being within walking distance to or only a Metro ride away from many of these important organizations.


In addition to its strategic location for the study of social, ethical, and environmental issues in business, GWSB offers several MBA programs with global ethics and leadership at the core, and dozens of courses with social, ethical, and/or environmental content.  Specialized masters programs are available for students seeking more depth or focus, including those which incorporate Beyond Grey Pinstripes-related topics, and a new hybrid/on-line Masters in Sustainability Management and Policy program is being proposed for the fall of 2009.  Regarding course processes, GWSB features many programs and courses offered via multi-media approaches, including traditional lectures with high levels of interactivity, both in-class and on-line, audiovisuals, client on-site projects, and numerous program/course-related special events. 


Finally, our GLOBE program and Maxon lecture series have featured a number of top management executives, such as Sir John Brown of BP and Dr. Richard Sandor, the founder of the Chicago Climate Exchange, our very active Net Impact chapter continuously generates speaker, volunteer, and social events, highlighting social, ethical, and environmental issues



How does the MBA program 'walk the talk' of social and environmental impact?: 

The George Washington University Office of Sustainability was founded in late 2008 at the recommendation of the Presidential Task Force on Sustainability. Having a central home for sustainability on campus enables the university to enhance the efforts that have been underway for many years as well as provide strategic vision and direction. The George Washington University envisions a future with resource systems that are healthy and thriving for all. In efforts to enhance our campus, our nation’s capital and the world at large, The GW community is building a greener campus, providing research and intellectual discourse on policies and pathways to sustainable systems, and equipping students with the skills and knowledge to contribute to a sustainable future. The Office of Sustainability led the process for drafting the University’s Climate Action Plan and is currently working on a strategy to address GW’s water footprint. The Office works in partnership with many on campus including students, by supporting projects such as an on-campus community garden, faculty, by promoting new degree and research symposia, and staff, by enhancing the sustainability of their work through the Green Office Program.  This past year, accomplishments include hosting the 2010 GreenGov Symposium with the White House Council on Environmental Quality, helping facilitate the installation of solar-thermal hot water systems on three residence halls, and expanding the Green Course List to highlight sustainability courses in all GW schools.

Academic Department

Course Name: Administration of Tourism and Hospitality Services
Instructor: Don Hawkins

This course focuses on destination management principles and practices focused on sustainable tourism assessment techniques, value chain analysis, competitiveness approaches and strategy formation. It identifies strategic interventions supported by good practices, benchmarks and case examples, including (a) competitive clusters; (b) branding; (c) product development; (d) environmental management & certification; (e) human resources/quality services; (f) SME & entrepreneurship; (g) safety & security; and (h) crisis communications & contingency planning. This course includes attention to sustainable tourism, strategic environmental management and certification, entrepreneurship, crisis management, and ethical codes.

Course Name: Applied Organizational Leadership
Instructor: Paul Swiercz

This course includes attention to life philosophy, power, politics, entrepreneurship, gender, and ethics.

Course Name: Business and Environmental Science
Instructor: Townsend

This course includes attention to key concepts related to environmental science

? Basic environmental processes

? Why businesses are going green and what that entails

? Several sustainable business best practices

? Some of the limitations of current sustainable business best practices

? Some future directions of sustainable business

Course Name: Business and Public Policy
Instructor: Sally Fowler, Ernie Englander, Jenn Griffin, Jeff Joseph

This course is dedicated to the topic of business stakeholder management and includes attention to multiple business stakeholders, as well as lobbying, regulation, antitrust, facilities location, global trade, public affairs management, corporate social responsibility, strategic philanthropy, and sustainability. Other topics include ethics and morality, law, stakeholder analysis, corporate citizenship, issues management, environmentalism, and product liability.

Course Name: Business and Sustainability in Brazil
Instructor: Robles

This course is a companion to SMPP 6297 with the same course title. Both courses will involve travel to the Brazilian Amazon rainforest to meet with business, government, nonprofit organizations, and community members to identify whether business can be sustainably developed in this fragile ecosystem. A social service project is also planned.

Course Name: Business Government Relations
Instructor: Ernie Englander

This course focuses on the multiple interactions between the public and private sectors, including regulation, deregulation, international trade, corporate political activites, and consumerism.

Course Name: Business Representation and Lobbying
Instructor: William Laforge

This course includes attention to legislation and regulation related to business; legal and ethical considerations; public-private institutional relationships; business political action committees; and domestic vs. international business lobbying.

Course Name: Business Responsibility
Instructor: Tim Fort

Businesses are experiencing increasing challenges and opportunities to ensure that they demonstrate integrity in all of their activities, both those that are internal and those that are external to their operations. This course provides perspectives, information, and skill development on the topics of business responsibility and business sustainability in advancing the value of integrity in business organizations. Topics covered included business ethics, peace through commerce, poverty and development, climate change, triple bottom line, energy, among many other CSR and sustainability topics. This course is a key component of the new GW Global MBA degree program, the focus of which is to encourage fulltime MBA students to act responsibly, lead passionately, and think globally, advancing the values of ethics, leadership, globalization, and teamwork.

Course Name: Consultative Processes
Instructor: Sally Fowler

This course includes attention to organizational change, consulting careers and the future of the profession, ethics, professionalism, trust, stakeholder relationships, confidentiality, and teamwork.

Course Name: Consultative Processes in Organizations
Instructor: Erik Winslow

This course includes attention to the ethical dimensions of consulting and environmental management consulting projects are encouraged.

Pages

Type of Offering

CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY in a GLOBAL ECONOMY: INDUSTRIES, ISSUES and NATION-STATES
Date: September, 2010

Corporate Responsibility experts from around the world and across sectors will explore how companies actively manage their global impact. The interaction of social issues including hunger, homelessness, poverty, education and climate change pose significant challenges to companies active in extraction, pharmaceuticals, tobacco, and drinks industries. Leading experts from international business, NGOs, government and academia will examine current practice and trends.

The GW Institute for Corporate Responsibility is the center of scholarship and research on corporate responsibility. Its work focuses on Peace Through Commerce, environmental sustainability, corporate governance and global stakeholder strategies. In collaboration with the UN Principles for Responsible Management Education, it established the Certificate for Responsible Management for MBA candidates and has worked in partnership with the US State Department on projects that support entrepreneurs in conflict zones.

Life Cycle Assessment Seminar
Date: March, 2011

Featured Speaker:

Dr. Kathy Hart

Design for the Environment Program

Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxic, US Environmental Protection Agency

Join us for a discussion with Dr. Kathy Hart of the EPA about Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as a cradle to grave accounting of environmental emissions, such as water, air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions, that can be applied to any process or product. For example, the gasoline powered vehicle causes greenhouse gases emissions when the vehicle is produced as well as refining the gasoline. Electric vehicles require heavy batteries and electricity to charge the vehicle. Crop based ethanol requires emissions during planting and harvesting. LCA is a tool that helps us measure the relative environmental impacts of different choices. LCA will be discussed in this seminar along with an EPA case study involving lithium based electric vehicles.

Seminar: Information Disclosure as Environmental Policy in the U.S
Date: December, 2010

Guest speaker Mark A. Cohen, VP for Research and Senior Fellow at Resources for the Future and Professor of Management and Law at Vanderbilt University, examined the social and legal pressures for environmental disclosures, and various disclosure programs to understand what is known and unknown about their effectiveness as a regulatory mechanism.

The Robert P. Maxon Lecture
Date: February, 2010

The Robert P. Maxon Lecture

The Robert P. Maxon Lectureship was established through Dorothy Maxon's generous endowment gift to the School of Business in honor of her husband, Robert P. Maxon, B.A. '48. A distinguished GW alumnus, Robert P. Maxon valiantly served his country in WWII and went on to serve in several executive positions for Mobil, retiring as general manager of worldwide corporate public relations. The annual lecture features prominent executives and academics making presentations on contemporary global management issues. The lectureship are designed to add depth to the understanding of the next generation of global business leaders.

2010 -2011

Ian M. Cook - Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, Colgate-Palmolive

2009 - 2010

Robert Herz - Chairman of the Financial Accounting Standards Board

David Tweedie - Chairman of the International Accounting Standards Board

"Greater Global Transparency in Financial Reporting: Lighting the Path for Investors."

More details and lecture downloads available at:

http://business.gwu.edu/icr/projects/maxon-lecture/

Book Signing by Professor Jorge Rivera: Business & Public Policy: Responses to Environmental & Social Protection Processes
Type: Book signing & meet-the-author networking reception
Date: October, 2010

Business and Public Policy: Responses to Environmental and Social Protection Processes, by GWSB Professor Jorge Rivera, presents a new theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between protective public policies and business compliance. He explains different levels of business compliance in terms of three distinct factors: the link between the stages of protective public policies and different levels of business resistance, the effect of country context, and the effect of firm-level characteristics. This framework is then supported and elaborated upon by empirical studies.

Green Gov Conference Panel on Careers in Sustainability
Date: October, 2010

As part of GW's involvement in the national Green Gov conference held on our campus in 2010, the School of Business hosted sustainability leaders from multiple sectors presented their expertise on careers in sustainability in government, business, and nonprofit organizations:

- Office of the Federal Environmental Executive

- US Environmental Protection Agency

- United States Postal Service (USPS)

- Bureau of National Affairs (BNA)

- Washington Gas

- Eco-Coach

Seminar: GW School of Business Dean Doug Guthrie on Sustainability in China
Date: October, 2010

GWSB Dean Doug Guthrie discussed his own hands-on experiences on sustainability and business practices in China with

GW faculty and graduate students.

Executive Education Program in Sustainability Management & Policy
Date: June, 2010

One-day program in collaboration with GWSB Graduate Studies for business, government, and non-profit executives interested in advancing their awareness, knowledge, and skills toward increasing the sustainability performance of their organizations. Attendees developed and evaluated organizational sustainability plans and participated in expert lectures, simulations, cooperative projects and online follow-up resources.

ICR Series on Challenges in Corporate Governance
Date: December, 2010

The Institute for Corporate Responsibility (ICR) presented the first of a series on the Challenges in Corporate Governance in December 2010. The initial program was a panel discussion by board directors on the practical aspects of corporate governance using the new disclosure requirements of the conflict minerals section of the Dodd-Frank Act as a catalyst for the discussion.

The panel was introduced by Cynthia A. Glassman, Senior Research Scholar at the ICR, former SEC Commissioner, and Director of Discover Financial Services and Navigant Consulting.

The panel was moderated by Catherine Dixon of Weil, Gotshal & Manges LLP.

The panelists included:

George Munoz, principal of the Munoz Group and a member of the Boards of Directors of Marriott International, the Altria Group, and the National Geographic Society

Donald Nicolaisen, a member of the Boards of Directors of Verizon Communications Inc., Zurich Financial Services, MGIC Investment Corporation, and Morgan Stanley

Karen Hastie Williams, retired partner at Crowell and Moring and a member of the Boards of Directors of the Chubb Corporation, Continental Airlines, Inc., Gannett Company, Inc., Washington Gas Holdings Company, SunTrust Bank, and the Federal National Mortgage Association Foundation.

More info at: http://business.gwu.edu/icr/news-events/

Climate Action Symposium: Focus on Canadian Tar Sands
Date: April, 2010

The Canadian Tar Sands’ ecological impact was the hot topic at the our Climate Action Symposium on

“The Next Big North American Climate Issue? Sustainability Impacts of the Canadian Tar Sands Development.”

- Jessica Shipley, Pew Center for Climate Change

- Garth Lenz, Conservation photographer

- Jack Woodward, Indigenous rights lawyer

- James Hoggan, Communications specialist and climate change author

Business Response to Climate Change Conference
Date: April, 2010

2010 marked the year of the first annual Business Response to Climate Change conference, put on by GW School of Business MBA students involved in Net Impact and the GW Energy Group. The conference examined clean technology as a solution for climate change, looking at challenges and benefits to collaboration with energy industry partners overseas and the opportunities to apply energy solutions to the climate issues at home and abroad.

This is an annual event. For 2011 details, please see www.thebusinessresponse.com

Seminar: Path Dependence and Creation in Clean Tech: An Exploratory Analysis
Date: February, 2011

Seminar on “Path Dependence and Creation in Clean Tech: An Exploratory Analysis” with Alfred A. Marcus, Edson Spencer Professor of Strategy and Technology Leadership at the Carlson School of Management University of Minnesota and the Technological Leadership Institute. This paper describes clean tech venture capital investment decisions at a national level as a process of path dependence and creation. Generally included as part of this industry or sector are various forms of renewable energy such as solar power, wind power, and biofuels as well as energy efficiency. The sector as a whole experienced a mini-investment boom in the first decade of 21st century. The aim is to investigate the extent to which the composition of national venture capital investments between 2003-2009 stuck to a path based on the initial conditions that prevailed at the start of this period or changed direction based on economic and political circumstances and the number of “exits.” that is the number of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and initial public offerings (IPOs) that took place. Rather than one path being common to the three forms of RE and EE we find that that each segment within the nascent industry had a separate path. Solar, wind, and biofuel s deviated from their initial paths, with the most deviation evident in the case of solar. In contrast energy efficiency did not deviate much from its initial path. We associate path deviation with economic and political circumstances (the price of energy, the rate of world economic growth, and public policy) and exits. We find that energy efficiency was relatively immune from these influences. This paper was supported by a grant from the Institute for Renewable Energy and the Environment at the University of Minnesota.

Alfred A. Marcus is Edson Spencer Professor of Strategy and Technology Leadership at the Carlson School of Management University of Minnesota and the Technological Leadership Institute. He has been on the faculty at the University of Minnesota since 1984. Starting in 2002, he also has taught in the Management of Technology Program at the University of Minnesota 's Technology Leadership Institute.. The many books on the topic of business and the natural environment which he has written, co-written, or edited include 'Promise and Performance: Choosing and Implementing an Environmental Policy'(1980), 'Reinventing Environmental Regulation: Lessons from Project XL' (2002), 'Controversial Issues in Energy Policy' (1992), 'Managing Environmental Issues: A Casebook' (1992), and 'Better Environmental Decisions: Strategies for Governments, Businesses and Communities' and 'Managing Beyond Compliance: The Ethical and Legal Dimensions of Corporate Responsibility'. He also has made many t contributions to the study of business strategy with his books, 'Strategic Foresight: A New Look at Scenarios’’ (2009), 'Big Winners and Big Losers: The 4 Secrets of Long Term Business Success' and 'Winning Moves: Cases in Strategic Management.'

Institute for Corporate Responsibility Conference on Religion, Business and Peace
Date: June, 2010

Institute for Corporate Responsibility Conference on Religion, Business and Peace

June 24-25, 2010

This conference marks the twelfth in a series of conference on how businesses can contribute to the creation of peaceful societies. To date, ten of these conferences have focused on a variety of secular actors ranging from business, government, academic, and NGOS. Although religious institutions can be classified within these categories, their role has not been integrated into this discussion. Yet, it is undeniable that one of the most formative moral resources for individuals around the planet is religious and that religion both has the history and capacity to exacerbate conflict and to stop it.

This conference is designed a workshop to foster conversations that explore the connections between religion and peace, peace and business, and religion and business. In Fall 09, a similar conference focused on these issues within the context of the Abrahamic traditions. This Summer 2010 workshop will focus on spiritual traditions historically rooted in Asia. As has been a model for these workshops, the idea is to hold two or three workshops as individuals safely and creatively explore possibilities with an aim for a larger, more public conference with more developed papers and presentations. In the iteration of this topic’s sequence, the aim would be for this and other workshops to engage a variety of religions and their work with business and with peace and for these workshops to culminate in a large, public conference in Fall, 2011. During this time, there would be ongoing research among conference participants.

The following is a draft of an expected workshop agenda. None of the individuals indicated have confirmed their appearance. At this point, few even know about the workshop itself, although they do know of the leadership of ICR in this field and most of them know that a conference of these type is being actively considered.

The goals of the conference are (1) to begin a networking process among the participants so they can develop their knowledge through dialogue; (2) to explore new ideas in a supportive context prior to their dissemination publicly; (3) to expand the content and the context of the topic, and (4) to provide the impetus for research, empirical and/or conceptual with an aim at delivering such papers in 2011. That delivery would likely follow a model of the 2008 Peace Through Commerce conference in which there was (1) a major, public conference held in Washington, DC, (2) a “replay” of the conference in an eConference format that would expand the reach of the research and perspectives developed, (3) a book or a special academic journal issue, and (4) possible development of other teaching and outreach materials.

The conference will be lead by Timothy L. Fort, PhD, JD. He is the Executive Director of the Institute for Corporate Responsibility and holds the Lindner-Gambal Professorship of Business Ethics at George Washington University. He is the author of three books on the topic: The Role of Business in Fostering Peaceful Societies (with Cindy Schipani, published by Cambridge University Press in 2004), Business, Integrity & Peace (Cambridge University Press, 2007), and Prophets, Profits, and Peace (Yale University Press, 2008). His PhD is in Theology with a Business cognate from Northwestern University, where he also received his JD. His MA (Theology) and BA (Government) are from the University of Notre Dame. He has developed partnerships with the United Nations, the U.S. State Department, and the World Bank on the implementation of his scholarship in these organization’s efforts. He also has partnered with more than a dozen other academic, business, and NGO organizations to collaboratively support the work of business and peace.

Global Climate Solutions Luncheon & Panel
Date: October, 2010

Climate change experts from around the world described the climate change challenges and opportunities faced by individuals, organizations, and societies in and beyond their respective country contexts.

- Neville Williams, Founder, Standard Solar (and formerly of Solar Electric Light Fund - SELF)

- Linda Yarr, Director of Partnerships for Intl. Strategies in Asia (PISA)

- Taryn Sullivan, Energy Auditing Specialist, Efficiency Exchange (China)

- Friedo Sielemann, Counselor on Environment and Energy, Embassy of Federal Republic of Germany

The Robert P. Maxon Lecture
Date: February, 2011

The Robert P. Maxon Lecture

The Robert P. Maxon Lectureship was established through Dorothy Maxon's generous endowment gift to the School of Business in honor of her husband, Robert P. Maxon, B.A. '48. A distinguished GW alumnus, Robert P. Maxon valiantly served his country in WWII and went on to serve in several executive positions for Mobil, retiring as general manager of worldwide corporate public relations. The annual lecture features prominent executives and academics making presentations on contemporary global management issues. The lectureship are designed to add depth to the understanding of the next generation of global business leaders.

2010 -2011

Ian M. Cook - Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, Colgate-Palmolive

2009 - 2010

Robert Herz - Chairman of the Financial Accounting Standards Board

David Tweedie - Chairman of the International Accounting Standards Board

"Greater Global Transparency in Financial Reporting: Lighting the Path for Investors."

More details and lecture downloads available at:

http://business.gwu.edu/icr/projects/maxon-lecture/

'Carbon Nation' Film Screening
Type: Film premiere
Date: October, 2010

Advance premiere screening of Carbon Nation, a documentary film about climate change solutions and also addresses other social, economic and national security issues relevant to sustainability. Details on the film are available at:

http://carbonnationmovie.com

ICR Webinar on Business and Peace
Type: Webinar
Date: March, 2010

Webinar on Business and Peace

UN PRME, The Kogod School of Business at American University, The Institute of Corporate Responsibility at the George Washington University Business School, and the Mendoza College of Business at the University of Notre Dame present:

Webinar on Business and Peace

The United Nations Principles for Responsible Management Education, The Kogod School of Business at American University, The Institute of Corporate Responsibility at the George Washington University Business School, and the Mendoza College of Business at the University of Notre Dame invite you to an exclusive virtual meeting on the subject of Peace and Business.

Peace and business is a topic of growing interest among many organizations and people, including: governments, development agencies, corporations and their associations, NGOs, social entrepreneurs, investors, and foundations. This topic is gaining acceptance as a matter of strategy for global corporations and as a matter of policy by governments to support and promote their goals for peace in zones of conflict.

This working group is assembled to identify the practices that businesses engage in that advance peace from a practical perspective in application to university courses. Additionally, the working group will seek to validate the connections between the actions that businesses take and their affect on building peace and advancing the post-conflict to peace process. Preparing future leaders is key in advancing peace in business. As information is developed and understanding grows, the working group will work with other higher education organizations, associations, businesses and governmental groups to disseminate knowledge and foster outreach into strategy and policy communities.

Featuring:

Viva Bartkus

Associate Professor of Management

University of Notre Dame

John Forrer

Associate Research Professor of Strategic Management and Public Policy

George Washington University School of Business

Bob Sicina

Executive in Residence, International Business Department

Kogod School of Business, American University

Timothy L. Fort, PhD, JD

Executive Director, Institute for Corporate Responsibility

Lindner-Gambal Professor of Business Ethics

George Washington University School of Business

Professorial Lecturer, George Washington Law School

Panel: Communicating the CSR/Sustainability Business Case to the Rest of the C-Suite
Date: June, 2010

Panel arranged in collaboration with the Institute for Corporate Responsibility and the Corporate Responsibility Officers' Association to discuss how corporate responsibility/sustainability advocates and their executives ensure their organizations stay on the leading-edge of change on these increasingly vital corporate topics.

The George Washington University

Green Gov Conference Panel on Careers in Sustainability

October 2010

Sustainability leaders from multiple sectors presented their expertise on careers in sustainability in government, business, and nonprofit organizations:

- Office of the Federal Environmental Executive

- US Environmental Protection Agency

- United States Postal Service (USPS)

- Bureau of National Affairs (BNA)

- Washington Gas

- Eco-Coach

MA/MBA

Pages

Are Members of Business for Social Responsibility More Responsible?
Author(s): Tashman, P., and Rivera, J.(2010)

This study examines the association between corporate social performance practices and membership in Business for Social Responsibility (BSR) between 1992 and 2006. BSR is a business association that seeks to help its members adopt enhanced corporate social performance practices. While there is an emerging literature examining voluntary initiatives as alternative policy mechanisms to regulations, most research is focused on initiatives that emphasize environmental protection. Further, studies suggest that membership in strictly voluntary initiatives tends to be associated with lower environmental performance because of “free-riding” behavior by participants. BSR differs along two dimensions when compared with other voluntary initiatives examined in the literature. First, it is a comprehensive voluntary social initiative that helps firms from diverse industries address multiple corporate social performance issues simultaneously. Second, it might limit opportunism by not offering blanket certification to its participants. Our results indicate that BSR members exhibit greater levels of positive social impacts without demonstrating significantly different levels of negative social impacts. This suggests that participation in voluntary initiatives that avoid granting blanket certifications may be associated with the adoption of new corporate social responsibility practices but not linked to the shedding of entrenched routines that produce negative externalities.

Journal Title: Policy Studies Journal Volume: 38(3) Edition: Page Numbers: 487-514
Business and Peace: Sketching the terrain
Author(s): Tim Fort, J Oetzel, M Westermann-Behaylo, C Koerber , J Rivera

This article introduces a concept for an emerging set of principles that can be integrated into corporate strategy for how business can directly engage with conflict-sensitive environments. These strategies can vary according to the particular kind and level of conflict faced by the firm. We highlight recent research into the risk control and loss prevention strategies of firms who are unwittingly drawn into conflict, particularly where the environment becomes violent; and on the other side of this spectrum as shown below, we will introduce research that explores the role of business in promoting sustainable peace. Our aim for the paper is to concisely present the highly interdisciplinary research that has been developed to date on the topic. A hope and challenge is that the peace research will intrigue scholars from various schools of thought who will use their models to engage this research.

Journal Title: Journal of Business Ethics Volume: 89 Edition: Page Numbers: 351-373
Business Responses to Environmental and Social Protection Policies: Towards a Framework for Analysis
Author(s): Rivera, J., Oetzel, J., de Leon, P., and Starik, M

This conceptual paper seeks to advance neo-institutional work that has traditionally portrayed environmental and social protection policies as constraints followed by businesses. Drawing from the policy sciences literature, we propose that in the United States, businesses tend to show increasing resistance as the protective policy process moves from initiation to selection and growing cooperation thereafter. Most importantly, we also contribute to the neo-institutional theory literature by positing that this inverted U-shaped policy process–business response relationship proposed for the U.S. context may be moderated by variations in the level of democracy, system of interest representation, regulatory approach, and national income.

Journal Title: Policy Sciences Volume: 42 Edition: Page Numbers: 3 to 32
Corporate Responsibility Standards: Current Implications and Future Possibilities for Peace Through Commerce
Author(s): Charles P. Koerber

Calls for greater corporate responsibility have resulted in the creation of various extralegal mechanisms to shape corporate behavior. The number and popularity of corporate responsibility standards has grown tremendously in the last three decades. Current estimates suggest there may be over 300 standards that address various aspects of corporate behavior and responsibility (e.g., working conditions, human rights, protection of the natural environment, transparency, bribery). However, little is known about how these standards relate directly to the notion of peace through commerce and the reduction of violent conflict in the world. This article explores the relationship between corporate responsibility standards and peace through commerce. After a summary of the current state of standards with respect to the creation of peace and the reduction of violent conflict, I explore concerns regarding the effectiveness of standards in shaping corporate behavior and the potential future role standards could have in creating peace through commerce

Journal Title: Journal of Business Ethics Volume: 89 Edition: Page Numbers: 461-480
Customer and Non-Customer Perspectives for Examining Corporate Reputation
Author(s): Salah S. Hassan

Purpose – Several studies on corporate reputation have proposed a customer-based approach for assessing corporate reputation. Other studies proposed examining corporate reputation from the perspective of other primary stakeholder groups such as employees, investors or suppliers. Hence this paper aims to examine corporate reputation by considering both the customer’s and the non-customer’s views.

Journal Title: Journal of Product & Brand Management Volume: 18, No. 5 Edition: Page Numbers: 326-337
Did Auditors Need Reforming? The Need for SOX
Author(s): Lindahl, Frederick and A. Fredriksson

This paper considers whether increased government regulation that was the basis for the American Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“SOX”) can be supported by economic analysis. Although there are no reported data on the costs and benefits of the regulation, economic theory can be applied to evaluate whether the objective of improved financial reporting was cost-effective. We also study the effects of SOX in Finland. This gives us a richer source of information because, unlike America, in Finland only a few firms are required to comply, by virtue of their American listing, with SOX. Other firms, large and small, freely choose whether to adopt aspects of SOX or not. In the same vein, the Finnish stock exchange regulators were free to adopt provisions they felt were beneficial, and ignore others. SOX affects many aspects of audit practice. We conclude that most, but not all, aspects would have been achieved more efficiently through market forces rather than legislative intervention.

Journal Title: The Finnish Journal of Business Economics Volume: Edition: Page Numbers: 37-53
Foundations and Capstone: Core values and Hot Topics; Ethics L-X; and The Green Business Laboratory: Simulations for Sustainability Education
Author(s): Reviewed by Mark Heuer

With sustainability education in a growth mode, many business educators ponder how best to introduce or more fully integrate sustainability into the business school curriculum. Simulations provide an important pedagogical tool in addressing this challenge. The following resource review evaluates simulations which, through varying approaches, address sustainability in business. The review involves offerings ranging from stand alone courses to modules supporting individual courses. The review concludes with an overview of customizations and learning outcomes offered by each participating firm.

Journal Title: The Academy of Management Learning and Education Volume: 89 Edition: Page Numbers:
Governance choice for strategic corporate social responsibility: Evidence from Central America
Author(s): Husted, B., Allen, D. and Rivera, J

The decision to internalize corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities, to buy (outsource) them in the form of corporate philanthropy, or to collaborate with other organizations is of great significance to the ability of the firm to reap benefits from such activity. Using insights provided by organizational economics and the resource-based view of the firm, this paper describes how CSR centrality affects governance choice. This framework is tested using data collected from Central America. The findings suggest that the higher the centrality of CSR activities to the firms’ mission, the more likely that the firms will engage in CSR internally. The paper discusses directions for future research and concludes with the managerial implications of this research.

Journal Title: Business and Society Volume: 49 Edition: Page Numbers: 201-215
In Search of Sustainability in Management Education
Author(s): Mark Starik, Timothy S. Clark Gordon Rands, Alfred A. Marcus,

This article describes the history of the incorporation of sustainability into Western business school topics, courses, and programs, from its beginnings in the early 1990s through the present day, culminating in a special issue on the topic is the Academy of Management Learning & Education. It highlights the research and review articles, an exemplary contribution, a series of essays, dialogues, and interviews, and several book and resource reviews. Finally, the article provides multiple suggestions on how sustainability can be advanced in management education in the future.

Journal Title: The Academy of Management Learning and Education Volume: Volume 9, Number 3 Edition: Page Numbers: 377 - 383
Institutionalizing Peace through Commerce: Engagement or Divestment in South African and Sudan
Author(s): Michelle Westermann-Behaylo

Peace through Commerce literature has discussed how business can engage in more responsible behavior in order to mitigate conflict risk and promote conflict resolution. However, in many conflict situations, the question arises at what point does it become impossible for a firm to remain engaged on the ground and still function as an ethical business? This article discusses the role of divestment activist groups in changing institutional norms among MNCs operating in conflict situations. Institutional norms shift from firms conducting ‘‘business as usual’’ without heed to conflict impact, to engagement policies promoting more responsible business practices, to divestment from conflict zones when circumstances are seen to preclude ethical business conduct. Engagement and divestment are explored as tools for discouraging unethical and promoting ethical business activity, considering conflict situations in South Africa and Sudan as case examples

Journal Title: Journal of Business Ethics Volume: 89 Edition: Page Numbers: 417-434
Investing in peace: The motivational dynamics of diaspora investment in post-conflict economies
Author(s): Nielsen, T.M., & Riddle, L

Post-conflict economies often prove daunting for foreign investors. Many of these nations are reaching out to diasporans, emigrants and their descendants living abroad, for much-needed foreign investment capital. Little is known about why diasporans invest in their countries of origin. Recent scholarly inquiry regarding investment decision making has suggested that non-pecuniary, psychological concerns often motivate investment decisions. We develop a conceptual model identifying three types of investment return expectations—financial, emotional, and social—that may drive diaspora investment interest. We contend that the psychological realities and social structure of the diaspora experience, generate greater salience for non-pecuniary investment motivations, particularly when the origin country emerges from a period of conflict. We outline an agenda for future research and discuss the implications of our model for policies seeking to promote peace utilizing diaspora investment.

Journal Title: Journal of Business Ethics Volume: 89 Edition: Page Numbers: 435-448
Is Doing Good Good for You? How Corporate Charitable Contributions Enhance Revenue Growth
Author(s): Petrovits Christine, Baruch Lev, and Suresh Radhakrishnan

This study examines the impact of corporate philanthropy growth on sales growth using a large sample of charitable contributions made by U.S. public companies from 1989 through 2000. Applying Granger causality tests, we find that charitable contributions are significantly associated with future revenue, whereas the association between revenue and future contributions is marginally significant at best. We then identify the mechanism underlying our findings. Our results are particularly pronounced for firms that are highly sensitive to consumer perception, where individual consumers are the predominant customers. In addition, we document a positive relationship between contributions and customer satisfaction. Overall, our evidence suggests that corporate philanthropy, under certain circumstances, furthers firms’ economic objectives

Journal Title: Strategic Management Journal  Volume: 31 Edition: Page Numbers: 182-200
L3C: Will New Business Entity Attract Foundation Investment?
Author(s): Petrovits, Christine with Allison Evans and Glen Walberg

This article describes L3Cs and their relation to program-related investments. Faced with dwindling endowment returns, private foundations across the country must evaluate all options in order to best leverage available resources. Because business entities may organize as L3Cs under a given state’s law and conduct business in other jurisdictions, the recent L3C legislation has national scope. Accordingly, exempt organizations and practitioners need to familiarize themselves with the L3C option. Further, federal lawmakers need to consider if and how they will respond to these new hybrid entities that combine for-profit and nonprofit motives.

Journal Title: The Exempt Organization Tax Review  Volume: 63 Edition: Page Numbers:
Locating Peace Through Commerce in Good Global Governance
Author(s): John Forrer

Peace Through Commerce (PTC) is expanding its influence on the formulation of business strategies for responding to challenges found in conflict and post-conflict zones. A review of practical guidance available on successful PTC business practices shows it is more general than particular and short on detailed recommendations. In addition, such recommendations say little about how globalization is transforming the forms and processes of global governance and their implications for PTC strategies. An assessment of the changing landscape of global governance suggests that implementation of successful PTC strategies will face even greater challenges. However, the emergence of a ‘global governance broker’ model as an innovative, multi-sector, voluntary approach to organizing global governance suggests a new method for businesses to implement their PTC policies and programs. The ‘global governance broker’ approach is described and its implications for business as an alternative approach to formulating their PTC strategies and implementing their PTC policies and programs.

Journal Title: Journal of Business Ethics Volume: 89 Edition: Page Numbers: 449-460
On the Information Role of Analyst Recommendations
Author(s): Oya Altınkılıç, R Hansen

We examine the information role of stock recommendation changes, which are among the security analyst’s most important outputs. Our robust findings show changes are associated with economically insignificant mean price reactions. They are quite inclined to follow recent news that appears to be allied with announcements of earnings related and other corporate events. Further results show the changes tend to be poor stock picks for future returns, and the picks agree more often with past returns. The evidence is generally consistent with the view that analyst recommendations are uninformative, and tend to piggyback on the news. The findings overturn the long-standing view that analyst recommendation changes play a central information role in security markets.

Journal Title: Journal of Accounting and Economics Volume: 48 (1) Edition: Page Numbers: 17-36
Peace Through Tourism: Commerce Based Principles and Practices
Author(s): Stuart E. Levy and Donald E. Hawkins

While tourism’s positive contributions to societies have long been debated, commerce based tourism activities can strengthen peaceful societies by adhering to sustainable tourism principles. This study utilizes content analysis to examine 136 tourism practices from four major awards programs for their contributions to sustainability and peace. Specific practices which illuminate each of these contributions are highlighted. The findings reveal the most common initiatives focus on environmental quality, economic development, and community nourishment efforts, with substantially less focus on initiatives to engage citizen diplomacy and increase transparency. The use of awards programs to further sustainable tourism is discussed, and suggestions for future research in this important area of study are shared.

Journal Title: Journal of Business Ethics Volume: 89 Edition: Page Numbers:
Reading the Fine Print: Advertising and the Subprime Mortgage Crisis
Author(s): Vanessa Gail Perry, Carol M. Motley

Current conditions in the U.S. mortgage industry provide a rich context for exploring the positioning and information used in advertisements for mortgage products. This article examines television, radio, and print advertising messages employed to promote prime and subprime mortgage products. An analysis of these advertising messages reveals marked differences in the marketing for prime and subprime mortgage offers. Prime mortgage market advertisements tended to emphasize the American dream of homeownership' and low rates, and often provide detailed loan terms. On the other hand, subprime loan advertisements were based on fear appeals, emphasizing debt problems and encouraging consumers to rely on the lender/broker for help. These important differences in the information available to consumers for various mortgage products may have exacerbated industry information asymmetries and contributed to the current mortgage crisis.

Journal Title: California Management Review Volume: 51 (1) Edition: Page Numbers: 29-44
Strategic environmental disclosure: Evidence from the DOE’s voluntary greenhouse gas registry
Author(s): Eun-Hee Kim, Thomas P. Lyon

Although mandatory disclosure programs have been studied extensively, strategic voluntary environmental disclosures by firms are not well understood. We study the motivations for and impacts of firms’ strategic disclosure of greenhouse gas reductions to the US government. We first model firms’ joint abatement and disclosure decisions, incorporating both economic and political incentives. We then use data from the Department of Energy’s Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Registry to compare reported reductions to actual emissions. We find that participants in the program engage in highly selective reporting: in the aggregate, they increase emissions over time but report reductions. In contrast, non-participants decrease emissions over time. Participants tend to be large firms facing strong regulatory pressure; pressure from environmental groups reduces the likelihood of participation, suggesting such groups viewed the program as a form of greenwash. Participating in the 1605(b) program had no significant effect on a firm’s changes in carbon intensity over time

Journal Title: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management Volume: Edition: Page Numbers:
Teach Workers about the Perils of Debt
Author(s): Lusardi, Annamaria and Peter Tufano

Most consumers don't understand how interest rates work and can't make sound decisions about borrowing. So wouldn't employees be better served by company programs that ventured beyond retirement planning and helped them stop pouring money into credit card fees and payments?

Journal Title: Harvard Business Review, Volume: November (2009) Edition: Page Numbers: 22-24
Transient Institutional Ownership and CEO Contracting
Author(s): Kulp, Susan, Shane S. Dikolli and Karen L. Sedatole

Prior research documents that CEOs respond to transient ownership preferences by choosing actions to meet short-term earnings targets. This study examines whether contract designers anticipate these actions and respond by adjusting explicit CEO compensation contracts. We find that, in determining CEO cash bonuses, firms with high levels of transient investors, on average, place a relatively low weight on earnings and a relatively high weight on annual returns. Additionally, both the likelihood of granting equity and the magnitude of annual equity grants to CEOs are higher with a higher level of transient investors, after controlling for previously studied determinants of equity grants. The results suggest transient-owner trading behavior creates implicit incentives for CEOs to take actions that increase current earnings, and firms take these implicit incentives into account in the design of explicit CEO compensation contracts.

Journal Title: The Accounting Review Volume: 39934 Edition: Page Numbers:

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